Communication: Meaning, Types and characteristics:

  1. The concept of proximal development reduced to educational communication was developed by 
    1. Lev Vygotsky, – According to vygotsky, the area of proximal development refers to the difference between the work that the child can do independently and the work done with the help of others.
    2. It is also called sociocultural theory. Because the development of a child takes place through society. The child learns the language through social interaction.
      1. Reference:
  2. A teacher tells his students – when you learn this you will be able to carry out your projects what does this communication suggests positive reinforcement.
    1. The factor which affects teaching in a positive learning environment in an institution – positive reinforcement.
    2. It helps to build motivation among student learners in the classroom.
  3. Instructional communication in the distance education mode is structured and interactive.
    1. This kind of verbal communication is mostly structured and formal in nature.
    2. Instructional variety involving teacher’s variability and flexibility during presentation is a  key behaviour of effective teaching.
  4. The pitch of the teacher’s voice in the classroom is described as
    1. paralinguistic
    2. The components of paralanguage communication includes Voice, Emphasis, and Impression
      1. Pitch of the voice
      2. Use of pause to modify the tone
      3. Rate and volume of speech  for modulation
  5. Micro expression as part of classroom communication is fleeting
    1. Fleeting changes that occur in facial expressions of teachers in a classroom are described as micro-momentary movements.
    2. New forms of facial expressions of teachers in a classroom are described significant part of non-verbal communication.
    3. Expressive communication is driven by Encoder’s personality characteristics
  6. Mini summaries at the end of each class are called verbal signposting
    1. Signs are considered as secondary products of  Channelisation.
    2. In the communication process, signs derive meanings through the network of inter-relations.
  7. communication in the classroom takes place on the following levels Surfacial meaning
    1. in the context of classroom, The sender and reciever of messages are in direct contact. so the transactions happens at surfacial level.
    2. When it happens at such superficial level the level of understanding between teacher and students are least.
    3. So inorder to achieve intended learning outcome teachers has to develop listening capability.
  8. A: Defining the objectives of the topic of discussion is not necessarily the first step in classroom communication
    1. R: Clear definitions of objectives make students understand the topic well
    2. A is false but R is true
      1. A good communicator begins his/her presentation in classroom with a  Ice-breaker.
      2. So that to bring attention of learners to the learning environment.
      3. It involves various non-verbal communication like facial expression before defining the objectives.
  9. An important element in classroom communication is Fields of experience.
    1. Such expressions facilitates  beginning of a dynamic pattern of ideas that helps to build cognitive mapping
    2. It brings greater clarity and completeness in the meaning of communication.
  10. A: the spoken and written words are two media of many available for communication in the classroom
    1. R: communication through any medium does not happen through the attitude of encoders
    2. A is true but R is false
      1. The communication which is valid as documentary evidence is  written communication
      2. For an effective communication, competency the domain of personality and attitude of teachers is significant.
  11. In the linear model of communication, the expected result is 
    1. semantic accuracy
      1. In the linear model of communication,  ‘noises’ are introduced as an important variable
      1. So, semantic accuracy is taken care to prepare a structured content.
      1. For instance,  A university teacher makes a very effective expository presentation.
  12. A verbal communication technique used in teaching is Varying the speed of voice and tone
    1. the important element a teacher has to take cognizance of while addressing students in a classroom voice modulation.
  13. When there is an animated discussion between a teacher and his or her students in the classroom it can be classified as Horizontal communication.
  14. Which of the following groups has the components of paralanguage communication? Voice, Emphasis, and Impression
    1. Pitch of the voice
    2.  Use of pause
    3. Rate and volume of speech –  constitutes paralanguage in communication.
  15. A verbal communication technique used in teaching is
    1. Varying the speed of voice and tone
  16. Advantages of feedback in the process of communication from the following – It clarifies the communication
    1. Cyclical process of communication =  Message—> Sender —> Encoding —> Communication Channel —> Receiver —> Decoding —> Acting —> Feedback
    2. the correct sequence of decoding process of communication in the classroom –Sensory involvement, Interpretation, Evaluation, Feedback.
  17. Identify the communication which is valid as documentary evidence from the following
    1. written communication
    2. The spoken and written words are two media of many available for communication in the classroom.
  18. Types of communication and Distinguishing example
    1. Formal communication – memos
    2. Informal communication – Group chain
    3. Outward communication – governmental agencies
    4. Inward communication – circular
      1. Formal communication is a systematic and orderly flow of information.
  19. Identify the correct sequence of one way process of communication, from the following sequence
    1. Sender, encoding, Messages, channel, Decoding, Reciever
    2. A communication process can be considered complete when  the receiver understands the message.
    3. It clarifies the communicator after getting a feedback
  20. Identify the technical term used to describe body language Kinesics
    1. Tactile communication – Haptics –  Haptic communication is a branch of nonverbal communication that refers to the ways in which people and animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch. Eg. Postures, gestures, head nods etc.
    2. Chronemics is the study of the role of time in communication
    3. Proxemics The branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel it necessary to set between themselves and others
  21. Column-1(Basis) and column-2(Description)
    1. Cognitive – ability to relate to other
    2. Emotional – ability to articulate an idea
    3. social – ability to read others facial expressions
    4. verbal – ability to solve an abstract problem
      1. Teacher’s competence in managing and monitoring the classroom transactions by enhancing the communication skill.
      2. All this basis of Communication is a learnt ability  not a universal panacea.
      3. It helps in Establishing a viewpoint that enhances message reception to audience needs.
  22. Swapping of encoder-decoder roles in communication happens due to feedback analysis
    1. The correct sequence of decoding process of communication in the classroom  Sensory involvement, Interpretation, Evaluation, Feedback.
    2. During interaction with students in the classroom, the teacher provides corrective feedback, thereby clearing doubt through a question-answer session.
    3. The immediacy of feedback  essential for good classroom communication favours classroom participation.
  23. Classroom Interactions are influenced largely by
    1. Student’s commitment
      1. Classroom communication behaviours imply making the contents relevant.
      2. So, it is the  functions of teachers to make students organise information for effective interaction.
  24. Classroom communication is Purposeful and Pragmatic.
    1. However, in the context of classroom communication attitudes, actions and appearances are considered as Impersonal
    2. an effective classroom communicator, should first understand the students following which being purposeful and pragmatic renders the teaching effective.
  25. Theories that can be applied to classroom communication.
    1. Theory of social constructivism
      1. The construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem-solving and decision making, is called as  Cognitive development
      2. The sequence which correctly indicates the order for ensuring teaching-learning activities in a constructivist approach engage, explore, explain, evaluate and extend.

Effective communication:

  1. The principles of effective writing useful for both students and teachers are
    1. clarity
    2. consciousness
    3. correctness
      1. These above elements are utilised in advertising and public relations that shapes and influence public opinion.
      2. So, the above elements are utilised in a blog which allows anyone to communicate to a public audience.
      3. Writing and speaking are the skills promoted by commmunication
  2. Identify the factors affecting teaching related to a positive learning environment in an institution:
    1. the scope for sharing and open discussions within the classroom and the institution as such
    2. A frequent area of positive reinforcement either in institution or classroom
      1. Factors of effective classroom
        1. Use of best teaching practices
        2. Principle of clarity
        3. Use of proper technology
        4. Development of motivation
        5. Effective use of feedback and
        6. Two way communication
  3. Dynamics of good classroom communication involves:
    1. Motivation
    1. Being organized
    2. Participation
      1. When students and teachers involve in communication, the purposes are   
        1. To develop a professional working relationship.
        2. To create a participatory environment in the classroom.
        3. To engage in out-of-classroom interaction.
      2. Classroom communication involves the clear decoding of messages by the students.
      3. By increasing redundancy, we can improve the fidelity of communication.
      4. Mind mapping is  the central point of the classroom communication as the beginning of a dynamic pattern of ideas.
  4. Those which reflects the evolution of educational technology support in higher education
    1. text book supplementation,
    2. programmed learning material
    3. modular material and
    4. online methods
      1. The use of communication technology pre-supposes new forms of expression and applications.
  5. A: If a teacher wants to improve his or her abilities as an effective classroom communicator, he or she should first understand the students – True
    1. R: The ability to understand students and intended listening are disjoined proposition — False
    2. The ability to understand students and intended listening are conjoined proposition because  focused listening  helps to overcome communication barriers.
    3. By understanding the students a teacher could able to transform teaching-learning process.
  6. Essential for good classroom communication:
    1. proper employment of redundancy
    2. The immediacy of feedback and
    3. Non-verbal cues
      1. In a participative communication, one can employ redundancy to make the learners clear about the concepts.
      2. Being organized and motivated helps to develop a professional working relationship.
      3. In classroom, smiling or frowning is taken as non-verbal cues that depicts facial expression.
      4. Internal cues of non-verbal behavior in the classroom helps in interpersonal communication
        1. Non-verbal communication is mostly  Unstructured and informal in nature. Eg. Dress code of an individual
      5. So both verbal and non-verbal communication are significant.
  7. Effective classroom communication can transform
    1. teaching-learning process
    2. The effective communication that involves teaching learning process includes
      1. Knowledge, Subject matter, Articulation, Language felicity.
    1. The sequential order of elements in classroom communication involves –  Awareness, interest, evaluation, knowledge
  8. Learner communication has a relatively high potential of challenging long-held attitudes.
    1. to change Cognitive behaviour are challenging task or an effective teacher.
    2. the domain of personality and attitude includes Locus of control, Self-efficacy and Teacher enthusiasm.
    3. Effectiveness of communication can be traced from –  Attitude surveys,  Performance records, and  Students attendance
  9. The following are rhetorical techniques for structuring classroom communication
    1. Relating the day’s topic to students.
    2. smooth transition from one idea to another 
    3. Using media to improve the quality aspect of the reception of the message
      1. The rhetorical approach in classroom communication considers teachers as influencing agents of students.
      2. The sequential order of elements in classroom communication is  Awareness, interest, evaluation, knowledge.
  10. From the list given below identify those competencies of an effective teacher which relate to the domain of personality and attitude
    1. locus of control
    2. self-efficacy
    3. Teacher enthusiasm – Positive expectancy
      1. Traits of personality are influenced by both environment and inheritance.
      2. So, it is imperative to have self control over one’s communication by managing to convey knowledge to learners.
  11. Effective oral communication demands
    1. self-confidence,
    2. consistent practice
    3. knowing the audience
      1. Educational communication is dependent upon the skills of 
        1. verbal communication and body language
        2. Analyzing the audience needs
      2. Communication happens through attitude of encoders.
  12. Following modes of communication can be employed in a classroom for effective teaching
    1. Iconic – Eg. graphics
    2. Associational
    3. symbolic
  13. Control over the self mode of communication and method of delivery in classroom is with teacher.
    1. In  the domain of personality and attitude, the competency of effective teacher by self-efficiency.
  14. Communication channel and Distinguishing type
    1. blogging – social media
    2. television – electronic media
    3. periodicals – Print Media
    4. collection sites – World Wide Web
      1. Audiences are active in using mass media,  people use them the way they like.
      2. a function of mass media is  to transmit culture.
  15. Identify the skills promoted by communication from the following:
    1. reading and listening
    2. speaking and writing
      1. The compositional skills and creativity in the presentation of students can be most effectively evaluated by the following essay type tests.
      2. To develop this skill one needs to develop speaking, writing, listening and reading.
  16. A: Motivational aspects of learning and communication efficacy are not inter related
    1. R: Communication as a social product has its own variables in a learning environment
    2. A false but R true
    3. The learner’s motivation is raised by the teacher through a question-answer session.
    4. Such Motivational-orientation of the students is one of the variables along with prior knowledge of students.
  17. When a large number of students with different performance levels are there in the class. for uniform imparting educative interactions, a teacher should opt for communication which is
    1. Technology-enabled
    2. asynchronous communication – email and forums
    3. Synchronous communication –  Video conferencing,  Instant Messaging
  18. A: classroom communication is pre-decided by social and institutional demands
    1. R: positive educative actions, should guide learners to acquire knowledge of the social significance
    2. Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation
      1. Classroom communication is a transactional process which is the basis of Social identity.
      2. Positive classroom communication leads to Persuasion which guides learners to acquire knowledge.
  19. The following communication technologies employ only asynchronous communication?
    1. Email
    2. Forums
  20. Effective educational communication is continuous
    1. Continuous and comprehensive learning outcomes – Evaluating cognitive evaluation and co-cognitive aspects with regularity
    2. the characteristics of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
      1. It replaces marks with grades.
      2. It evaluates every aspect of the student.
    3. Communication is a continuous and circular process thereby involving both information and understanding of exchange of ideas, facts and opinions.
  21. Successful educational communication is dependent upon the skills of 
    1. verbal communication and body language
    1. Analyzing the audience needs
      1. social interaction requires the skills like verbal communication, body language and knowledge about audience needs.

Barriers to effective communication:-

  1. A: Communication does not include all human behavior for the exchange of information
    1. R: Communication involves the use of all 5 senses
    2.  A is false but R is true
    3. decoding process of communication in the classroom involves the following sequence Sensory involvement, Interpretation, Evaluation, Feedback.
    4. Teacher communication behaviors  used to regulate the classroom behavior of students
    5. So, communication influence human behavior while transacting the information .
  2. A: Use of slang in formal teaching makes communication lively and interesting
    1. R: Academic deccency demands the avoidance of slang in the classroom environment
    2. A is false but R is true
  3. In a group setting which of the following factors hinder creativity of its members?
    1. Norm to maintain consensus at any cost
    2. To criticize if somebody’s idea is not correct
  4. Col-1 and Col-2
    1. Dyslexic – difficulty in reading
    2. Dysgraphia – difficulty in writing
    3. dyscalculia – difficulty in doing mathematics
    4. ADHD – difficulty in concentrating
  5. The following helps to overcome communication barriers –
    1. focused listening
      1. Simple language and easy construction of sentences helps to overcome communication barriers.

Mass media and society:

  1. The values specifically related to organisational ethos are
    1. Team work n the approach
    2. Work productivity or productivity of the task
    3. to show humility in dealing with others concerns
  2. A: A blog is a form of social media
    1. R: A blog allows anyone to communicate to a public audience
    2. Both A and R true and is the correct explanantion
      1. The interpretational aspects that include advertising and public relations shape and influence public opinion.
  3. Identify the ways that would be followed by a public sector organization to communicate with the public by organizing open lectures
    1. Publicity
    2. Public relations
    3. Image Building
      1. The interpretational aspects that include advertising and public relations shape and influence public opinion.
  4. A No social activity is possible without communication
    1. R: Communication plays a vital role in our daily life
    2. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanantion of A
  5. If data has been recorded using technical media the necessary step on its way to interpretation – transcription
    1. communication through any medium  happens through the attitude of intruders.
    2. So, the communicator adjust to the medium to follow principles a good communication.
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