English Pedagogy of language development:

December-2019:

  1. A teacher asks her learners to collect words/phrases on various aspects they see and notice in their markets and streets. Later, the learners write the words and phrases according to the category and discuss them in the class. What is this practice known as? – Thematic vocabulary learning.
  2. CLIL: Context for Language Integrated Learning
  3. Correct statement about the following – Receptive vocabulary are words we recognize when we hear or see and productive vocabulary are words we speak or write.
  4. A teacher divides her class into groups of four and reads out a text of about 6 sentences. learners listen to and jot down important words and phrases. The teacher reads out the text the second time. Then learners discuss in groups the jotted down words and recreate the text nearer to the one read out y the teacher. This task is known as composition dictation.
  5. Intensive reading refers to reading a text for detailed information.
  6. Knowing a word means how,where and when it is used.
  7. Which typology of question does the following question belongs to?
    1. Imagine you are the narrator of the story. Write an entry in your diary about your experience in about 100 words – extrapolative question.
  8. Poetry teaching – For enjoyment and appreciation
  9. Learning outcomes aims at – ensuring all the competencies are acquired by learners.
  10. A teacher brings a newspaper to her class 8 students and asks them to find some advertisements. She then asks them to list out how advertisement are designed and what an advertisements contains. The newspaper here means a materials for language learning.
  11. NCF, 2005 assigns ‘supplementary’ and ‘complimentary’ roles to English alnguage. This means that English should support learning of other languages and subjects.
  12. A reader uses her prior knowledge, makes semantic cues and syntactic cues then moves to other more specific information. What model of reading the reader here adopts?
    1. top down model
  13. Drilliing is a teaching learning technique or a strategy in Structuralism
  14. The statement which is true of language learning –
    1. First language supports the language of second language.
  15. Multilingualism as a resource in education aims at makes use of languages of learners for teaching-learning.

June-2019:

  1. Many minor and tribal languages are not available in school curriculum and the number of speakers is receding in those languages. In socio-educational linguistics  – language endangerment
  2. A teacher asks her learners to find words and word chunks relating to different themes based on the reading lesson. Learners in groups have to make word charts of the same category. This strategy is known as word collocations
  3. A student reads through an article in a newspaper to get the overall idea of the article. This practice is known as skimming
  4. Sight words are developed by using words in meaningful context
  5. Language is rule governed system.
  6. Comprehensible input as proposed by krashen 1985 is exposing learners to language somewhat above their levels
  7. Extensive reading is reading for pleasure and overall understanding of the text.
  8. A teacher keeps the students work of language use and uses it for assessing the learners achievement This strategy is known as portfolio assessment.
  9. A teacher brought real life objects like a hammer,a screw driver and so on to her class. she asked her learners to describe the objects in five to seven sentences. The materials in language teaching is known as realia
  10. Mother tongue based multilingualism advocates that learners begin their schooling n mother tongue and move on to add many (atleast two) languages in school.
  11. True about teaching grammar
    1. teaching of rules at the initial stage does not lend much to language learning 
    2. grammar teaching should move fro meaning to form
  12. A teacher draws the attention of learners to individual sounds, words and then sentences while teaching the listening skill.The teacher adopts bottom up approach of listening
  13. A teacher along with her learners writes the names of objects in the classroom (like door, black board, windows, etc)in their mother tongue and in English on pieces of paper and pastes them on the objects for learners to notice the words.  the teacher is trying to create a language rich environment in the classroom.
  14. Major difference in language acquisition and learning 
    1. language acquisition is natural and language learning is deliberate/instructed
  15. LAC  Language across the curriculum.

December-2018 Paper-2:

  1. The principle of selection and gradation of reading material includes availability, coverage, and frequency but not accuracy.
    1. The structured approach lays stress on the selection and gradation of materials.
    2. Structures in the second language are better assimilated in a pedagogical practice through meaningful interaction with interesting content. 
  2. The phenomenon where a single word is associated with two or several related meanings is known as polysemy.
    1. Two words have identical sound and spelling, but not related in meaning is known as homonymy.
  3. Dog lived in the garden but the cat, who was smarter lived inside the house, is an example of a complex compound sentence.
  4. If a student of language is cramming his/her answers then he/she would not able to attempt creative writing.
    1. The primary importance of creative writing – presentation of ideas in an original way.
    2. But she can attempt the question answers.
    3. attempt vocabulary based exercise and attempt structural questions.
  5. During the reading, if a student is piercing information together as they read a text keeping track of what is happening, he/she is synthesizing.
    1. While teaching a prose text, the following activities which teacher must undertake –  paraphrasing the text thereby prediction of context in terms of reading.
  6. Does not affect intonation – Voice/pronunciation
    1. But those which affects are rhythm, loudness, and tone.
    1. A reading activity where students focus on phonemic sounds, pronunciation, and intonation can be used to assess – reading accuracy.
    2. poetry recitation helps learners to learn proper intonations and stress.
    3. Learning objectives for teaching a drama – the learners will be able to speak fluently with correct stress and intonation.
  7. Those which involved in thinking are – Imagination, language and concept, proposition.
    1. Language of the word is not necessary for imaginative thinking
    2. Which learning domain constitutes higher-order thinking? – evaluation.
    3. A teacher should help the learners acquire rich imagination and the ability to think out of the box to develop the learner’s skill of critical thinking.
  8. The language laboratory is the place where the learners have to listen to the headphone. The language labs are set up with a view to provide listening activities in order to develop Speech habits.
    1. The students are asked to answer inferential questions about information which was implied by the text, Here the student’s reading and listening skills are evaluated
    2. “Roleplay” is an activity for promotes speaking and listening.
  9. The grammar-translation method is basically used to teach classical language.
    1. The grammar-translation method of teaching English heavily relies on form-focused teaching.
    2. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation in the grammar-translation method.
  10. The following can be used as a rubric for the assessment of fluency and coherence of language demonstrates hesitation to find words or use correct grammatical structures.
    1. assessing fluency by finding words while coherence of language for using correct grammatical structures.
  11. Objectives defined by NCF-2005 for teaching English at upper primary level to
    1. to promote learners conceptualization of printed texts in terms of heading, paragraph and horizontal lines
    1. Negotiate their own learning goals, and evaluate their own learning progress: edit revise and review their own work
    2. to use dictionary suitable to their needs.
    3. to be able to articulate individual /personal responses effectively.
    4. NCF,2005 advocates that a language learner is a constructor of knowledge /language.
    5. According to the observation in the NCF,2005 English is a global language in India.
    6. According to NCF 2005, a teacher should help in enriching the learner’s imagination.
    7. According to NCF,2005 teaching English means breaking down barriers between English and other subjects.
  12. If you are listening to the description of how to reach  a specific location then you are doing intensive listening
  13. If a language teacher has put words ‘school, teacher, headmaster, peon’ in a group then she is following semantic grouping
  14. “At the initial stages of language learning english may be one of the languages for learning activities create the child’s awareness of the world”
  15. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation in grammar – translation method
    1. but attention is given for CLT, SLT and audio-lingual
CTET-English-paper-2

CTET February-2016 English Paper-2

  1. Functional grammar refers to learning grammar in a given context.
    1. Communicative competence is a subset of functional grammar and its approach in teaching will allow students to learn grammar through meaningful communication.
    2. the focus on using the language by teaching grammar implicitly so that learners use the words meaningfully along the context.– Communicative approach.
    3. Integrating semantic function as a part of grammar instruction requires students to focus on the communication of meaning and accuracy of language.
  2. “Roleplay” is an activity for promoting speaking and listening.
    1. a role play approximately influences with the teacher in which candidate exchanges information making four or five statements and asking 3 or 4 questions including greetings and leave-taking would assess-Speaking skills.
    2. The practices that will help most in developing oral language skills – participating in role plays.
  3. ‘Brainstorming’ technique is useful for improving students’ spontaneous sensitivity.
    1. Mind mapping helps the students to brainstorm, explore any idea and expand it to initiate the process of writing.
  4. English language teacher of class 7 divides the class into pairs to read a sequence of pictures and then describe it to each other. This activity is pedagogically known as – peer interaction
    1. A teacher divides her class into pairs to exchange their notebooks and make corrections as per the direction of the teacher. she does peer assessment.
    2. Group work:
      1. If a language teacher has put words ‘school, teacher, headmaster, peon’ in a group then she is following semantic grouping.
      2. appropriate for teaching a reading text is, learners are made into groups and asked to read by taking turns.
      3. Every class is a mixed ability class, so while dividing the students into different groups for a language activity a teacher should – arrange groups differently for different kinds of activities.
  5. Extensive reading is reading the text for pleasure.
    1. Intensive reading is aimed at helping the learners to read a text for Improving study skills.
    2. Intensive reading – involves learner’s reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks.
  6. Pre-reading activity is meant for connecting previous knowledge and taking the learner into the text.
    1. While assessing a student the teacher should compare the progress of a child with his/her previous level of learning.
    2. Lower order questions are meant to recall facts from previous knowledge. While higher-order questions are for applying the ideas of the text.
  7. While teaching a prose text, the following activities which teachers must undertake –  paraphrasing the text.
    1. Prediction in terms of reading refers to paraphrasing.
    2. A good paragraph writing in English involves – Ideas, presentation, and Coherence.
  8. Contrastive pairing is used for teaching-learning of Pronunciation.
    1. pronunciation Does not affect the intonation of a speech that gives significance to tone, rhythm, and loudness.
    2. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation in the grammar-translation method.
  9. The study of words and their meanings is known as semantics.
    1. Integrating semantic function as a part of grammar instruction requires students to focus on the communication of meaning and accuracy of language.
    2. While writing ellipses is a semantic linker.
  10. A good language textbook should include
    1. learner-centered material,
    2. contain teacher-friendly instruction and
    3. content-related materials which have more syntactical items in its content.
    4. a good language textbook should include attractive fonts, illustrations, and learner-friendly texts.
  11. Learning to read means decoding the meaning
    1. Decoding stands for – deciphering the sounds in words and sentences.

CTET May-2016 English Paper-2

  1. Intensive Reading:
    1. Involves learner’s reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks.
    2. Intensive reading is aimed at helping the learners read a text for Improving study skills.
    3. Intensive reading stands for – reading the text in parts for details.
  2. Poetry teaching should ideally be meant for vocabulary building.
    1. While learning vocabulary, learners connect one word with its related words and the words which can occur before and after it. This technique is called collocation.
    2. Active vocabulary consists of words which we use frequently in our daily life.
    3. the objectives of teaching vocabulary include to
      1. Able to use words in different contexts
      2. To understand the meaning of words
      3. Develop active and passive vocabulary.
        1. But not to enable learners to use dictionary.
    4. The language component includes structure, sound, and vocabulary.
    5. While writing a student finds difficulty in expressing her views clearly due to a lack of vocabulary. A possible solution would be the following
      1. Motivate the students to read more storybooks and the teacher should take informal feedback about new words encountered.
  3. The pedagogy of learning involves 
    1. the science of teaching
    2. methods of teaching
    3. art of teaching
    4. Critical pedagogy – allows students to arrive at an informed understanding.
    5. Structures in the second language are better assimilated in a pedagogical practice through meaningful interaction with interesting content.
    6. pedagogical grammar is the learning of grammar in context through its use.
  4. reading skill can best be developed by focusing on the use of words in a given context
    1. The progress of teaching-learning of reading skills of a language over a certain period of time may be evaluated setting a reading a task with a variety of test items.
  5. the direct method is also known as a straight method.
    1. A method is a body of techniques that a teacher adopts in the teaching-learning process.
    2. A teacher reads out the text and explains its word for word in English. What method/approach does she adopt in her class – Direct method.
  6. language acquisition stands for learning a language with a deliberate conscious effort.
    1. The process of second language acquisition is influenced by languages that the learner already knows. The influence is language transfer.
    2. Providing students the opportunity to voice their opinions and to solve the problem in the target language can encourage second language acquisition.
  7. The strategy of using many languages in a classroom by including regional language while teaching emphasize – Multilingualism
    1. When learners have diverse linguistic backgrounds, the teacher should: Use a multilingual approach.
  8. language is a systematic arrangement of words.
    1. etymology is the science of knowing the origin of words.
    2. One of the objectives of teaching vocabulary is to able to use words in different contexts and understand the meaning of such words.
  9. Silent reading is encouraged because it promotes fluency and accuracy.
    1. In order to have language proficiency accuracy and fluency are essentially required.
    2. Computer technology supports language learning in classes 5 and 6 to enhance accuracy in student’s writing – By checking spelling and grammar.
    3. Integrating semantic function as a part of grammar instruction requires students to focus on the communication of meaning and accuracy of language.
  10. storytelling as a strategy used to promote language learning wholistically
    1. A possible solution would be the following Motivate the students, read more storybooks and the teacher should take informal feedback about new words encountered.
  11. The term’ linguistic competence’ is associated with communicative approach methods to ELT.( English language Test )
    1. Language teachers have to do an analysis of their students to evaluate their existing competence.
    2. Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation is an assessment of learners while learning.
    3. Two competency areas that give a language learner in progress the ability to communicate competently are linguistic and socio-cultural.
CTET-English-Paper-2

CTET September-2016 English Paper-2

  1. A language is a tool because it is used for conveying ideas.
  2. Children can best learn a language when they have motivation.
    1. Motivation is a prerequisite to learning the language.
    2. A speaking activity can be made more purposeful by motivating students to complete a task at the end.
    3. A dual-language classroom consisting of students speaking a native language and the target language is beneficial because it motivates target language-speaking students to learn another language and vice-versa.
    4. While writing a student finds difficulty in expressing her views clearly due to lack of vocabulary so motivates the students to read more storybooks and the teacher should take informal feedback about new words encountered.
  3. TBLT in second language teaching is task-based language teaching.
    1. Post-reading tasks are meant for assessing the learning and connecting them to real-life situations.
    2. A teacher of class 6 in a writing assessment asked students to write on: ” If I were famous for something” this assessment of an answer descriptive task.
    3. Intensive reading – involves learner’s reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks.
    4. Some of the features of a good listening task – give clues and support the completion of tasks.
    5. A speaking activity can be made more purposeful by motivating students to complete a task at the end.
  4. Multilingual approach:
    1. When learners have diverse linguistic backgrounds, the teacher use multilingualism.
    2. The strategy of using many languages in a classroom by including regional language while teaching.
  5. Not appropriate for teaching a reading text –learners read individually and discuss with their friends the ideas of the text.
    1. learners divide the text into small chunks and read.
    2. learners are made into groups and asked to read by taking turns
    3. teacher reads out and explains the text line by line
  6. Post reading tasks are meant for
    1. Introducing the main idea of the text
  7. Intensive reading is aimed at helping the learners read a text for improving study skills
  8. Process writing approach could be described as bottom up approach
  9. Abeera an English teacher describes a scene and asks the learners to draw what they have heard. This is a picture dictation
    1. to help the students to overcome the problems of spelling mistakes the teacher will use dictation as the teaching strategy.
  10. While teaching a ‘one-act play’ a tableau can be used as one of the teaching strategies. The tableau refers to a silent still image made by actors posing as characters.
    1. eclectism in language teaching refers to using appropriate strategies from various methods of teaching
    2. to help the students to overcome the problems of spelling mistakes the teacher will use dictation as the teaching strategy
    3. storytelling as a strategy used to promote language learning holistically.
    4. While teaching a lesson on atoms from scientific textbooks gave her students activities based on the theme.
      1. The activities included vocabulary and debate on the uses of atomic energy.
      2. This strategy is known as a language across the curriculum
  11. A teacher divides her class into pairs to exchange their notebooks and make corrections as per the direction of the teacher. she does peer assessment
  12. The second language is taught through mother tongue and translation.
    1. The activities which need to be taken care of helping non-native speakers to produce the sounds of the target language ensuring that the words spoken are intelligible to others.
    2. Providing students the opportunity to voice their opinions and to solve the problem in the target language can encourage second language acquisition.
    3. A dual-language classroom consisting of students speaking a native language and the target language is beneficial because it motivates target language-speaking students to learn another language and vice-versa.
    4. The second language is taught by using the target language as much as it is possible.
  13. pedagogical grammar is learning of rules first and then the meaning of words
    1. Structures in the second language are better assimilated in a pedagogical practice through meaningful interaction with interesting content. 
  14. There are 44 sounds in English. Out of these how many sounds are vowels and how many are consonants –
    1. 5,39
  15. A speech community refers to community which speaks the same language.

CTET February – 2014 English Paper-2:

  1. Providing students the opportunity to voice their opinions and to solve the problem in their native language can encourage second language acquisition.
  2. Language learning is better achieved if what students learn is functional in terms of their goal and life values.
    1. “At the initial stages of language learning English may be one of the languages for learning activities create the child’s awareness of the world”.
    2. NCF,2005 advocates that a language learner is a constructor of knowledge.
    3. storytelling as a strategy used to promote language learning holistically.
    4. The following considers words and word chunks as basis for language learning – word approach.
    5. How does computer technology support language learning in class 5 and 6 to enhance accuracy in student’s writing? – By checking spelling and grammar.
    6. Student-generated corrections are important in language learning because they indicate active engagement in the learning process.
  3. Generally speaking, the first language is marked by the accent and regional expressions of the area where students grow up.
    1. Learning a language involves the process of listening, speaking, reading and writing. These processes involve the Linguistic aspect and psychological aspect.
  4. An activity asks students to determine from a list of possible answers with a title, what kind of information will appear in an input text before an audio recording is played. Here students are actively predicting the content of inputs.
  5. A speaking activity can be made more purposeful by motivating students to complete a task at the end.
    1. A dual-language classroom consisting of students speaking a native language and the target language is beneficial because it motivates target language-speaking students learn another language and vice-versus.
    2. Children can best learn a language when they have motivation.
  6. In the communicative classroom, learners acquire the grammar of the second language to understand how to make meaning and become more proficient in speaking and writing.
    1. The benefit of a bilingual approach in a second language classroom is that students understand basic concepts/assumptions more easily
  7. Structures in the second language are better assimilated in a pedagogical practice through meaningful interaction with interesting content. 
    1. In order to know the correct pronunciation of English words, the learner should know the spelling, meanings and how they are pronounced – It marks the pedagogical objective of learning the language.
    2. The communicative approach to the teaching of language is related to: honing the abilities to listen, speaking, reading, writing, and meaning-making.
    3. the authentic task in a meaningful context should be used in a Constructivist approach to learning.
  8. error correction in students’ written work is more effective when the teacher points out major errors using symbols and students self-correct.
    1. kavya notes down the errors committed by learners of the class and discusses them once in a fortnight. The practice is known as error correction.
    2. In learning of English as a second language committing an error is an indicator of learning
    3. Listening to a good speaker helps a learner in avoiding communication errors.
  9. Students always find it difficult to listen to and understand a second language presentation inside or outside their class. This can be helped by practice by using the second language more
  10. When they encounter unfamiliar words during a reading activity students should be trained to use information in its context to correctly guess its rough area of meaning while processing the meaning of the whole text.
  11. While assessing a report of a school program for a class journal the following are the man criteria 
    1. relevance
    2. logical organization of content and
    3. a direct style
  12. Some of the features of a good listening task – give clues and support the completion of tasks.
  13. Language teachers have to do an analysis of their students to evaluate their existing competence.
  14. A student has difficulty in applying learned knowledge, for eg. in word problems, the student also fails to translate sentences into equations or identify the variables. A possible solution to this problem could be
    1. giving a carefully designed assignment in a simpler way.
  15. A dual-language classroom consisting of students speaking a native language and the target language is beneficial because it motivates target language-speaking students to learn another language and vice-versa.

CTET Sep-2014 English Paper-2:

  1. The acquired system or acquisition of a language is the subconscious process of learning.
  2. Language teachers have to do an analysis of their students to evaluate their existing competence.
  3. Some of the features of a good listening task – give clues and support the completion of tasks.
  4. Combining of movement abilities with academics, such as speaking, a language is referred to as motor-perception skills.
  5. The focuses are on using the language rather than analysis of the language and grammar is taught implicitly rather than explicitly – Communicative approach.
  6. The students are asked to answer inferential questions about information which was implied by the text, Here the student’s reading and listening skills are evaluated.
  7. Individualized educational programs with intensive support to help students to consolidate their basic knowledge are referred to as remedial coaching.
  8. Cognitive style is a particular way a learner prefers to learn a second or foreign language.
  9. How does computer technology support language learning in classes 5 and 6 to enhance accuracy in student’s writing? – By checking spelling and grammar.
  10. The benefit of a bilingual approach in a second language classroom is that students understand basic concepts/assumptions more easily.
  11. Teachers may respond to young writers according to individual needs. To praise what they do well by making specific comments about their work.
  12. students can master complex language structures without being aware of the fact they are doing so through the use of grammar games, with a focus on relevant structures.

CTET September – 2015 :

  1. In order to know the correct pronunciation of English words, the learner should know the spelling, meanings and how they are pronounced.
  2. A word gets its meaning – from its origin
  3. A teacher reads out the text and explains its word for word in English. What method/approach does she adopt in her class – Direct method.
  4. While learning vocabulary, learners connect one word with its related words and the words which can occur before and after it. This technique is called collocation.
  5. Students are asked to read a short text and make points for discussion. The Speaking skills of the learners are assessed.
  6. Teachers in English medium schools use only English to teach science, social science, and mathematics. They adopt immersion approach
  7. Etymology is a science of knowing the origin of words.
  8. In a constructivist classroom while teaching a poem which of the following is ideal?
    1. While teaching a teacher should give an introduction about the poet
    2. the poem does not need an introduction of the poet in the beginning
    3. learners may find out on their own about the poet.
      1. Not ideal is
      2. Learners should be able to discover the ideas and meaning of the poem
  9. In order to know the correct pronunciation of English words, the learner should know the spelling, meanings and how they are pronounced
    1. A good paragraph writing in English involves –Ideas, presentation, and Coherence.
  10. When we sing a rhyme in an English language classroom, we:
    1. familiarize the learner with English sounds.
  11. scanning and skimming are reading strategies
  12. The following skills which is assessed if ‘cloze’ is used as a tool – reading for language learning
  13. A summative assessment is an assessment of learning.
  14. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is: assessment of  learners while learning.
  15. A good paragraph writing in English involves – Ideas,presentation and Coherence
  1. First generational learners are those who are the first from the family to go to school.
  2. The whole language perspective is teaching of language skills in an integrated manner.

Reference: Page 40

CTET Feb-2015 English Paper-2:

  1. Point out the figure of speech used in the sentence given below: The moon smiled at the stars around her:
    1. personification
  2. A learner-centered class should be one where the following occurs
    1. learners personal views and feelings are taken into considerations
    2. the learners are intrinsically interested and are inclined to explore
    3. the teacher acts more as another participant in the learning process.
      1. But it does not include the learners should do the given exercise silently as silence is better for learning to occur
  3. A constructivist approach to learning emphasizes
    1. that authentic task in a meaningful context should be used
    2. that learners construct knowledge for themselves
    3. knowledge construction instead of knowledge reproduction.
      1. But it does not emphasize teaching as the transmission of knowledge from enlightened to the unenlightened.
  4. Every class is a mixed ability class, so while dividing the students into different groups for a language activity a teacher should – arrange groups differently for different kinds of activities.
  5. A purposeful collection of students’ work that demonstrates their efforts, progress, and achievement in a given area is called portfolio.
  6. Active vocabulary consists of words which we use frequently in our daily life.
  7. The following where a teacher should not use while initiating the process of writing approach dictating notes.
    1. Others include –
      1. drafting and revising,
      2. Proofreading before the final draft,
      3. brainstorming.
  8. The following recommended during the “three-language formula” – Kothari commission 1966.
  9. Anshu is teaching English to class 6 students and her class seems to be noisy. She is probably having group work
  10. Giving effective feedback to the learners means diagnosing problems and guiding the learners on how to improve.
  11. While selecting a reading text for your students the following is least important – It hardly gives space to think ahead hypothesize and predict
    1. However the most important includes
      1. reading texts has to be appropriate to the age level
      2. The language of the text is comprehensible to the learners.
      3. the content of the text is accessible to the learners to apply their own background knowledge.
  12. A passage explaining a place in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader’s mind is called descriptive.
  13. The objectives of teaching vocabulary are
    1. to able to use words in different contexts
    2. understand the meaning of words
    3. develop active and passive vocabulary.
      1. But not to not to enable learners to use the dictionary
  14. A method is a body of techniques that a teacher adopts in the teaching-learning process
  15. Anshu is teaching English to class 6 students and her class seems to be noisy. She is probably having group work.

Reference- page 57: