Teaching:
- Reflective practice implies use of one’s
- Metacognition
- At the reflective level of teaching the Focus of concern is problem raising and problem-solving
- So, it encourages critical thinking based cognitive interchange that involves analysing and creating.
- A teacher gives a lot of positive and negative examples to support his/her presentations in the classroom. This will be related to which level of teaching?
- Understanding level
- Understanding level of teaching propogates learning by enhancing the scope for seeing of relationships and meanings.
- The main objective is to know the subject in depth knowledge and developing insight leading to clarity of structures.
- Understanding level
- Which of the strategies in the list given below will be associated with direct teaching ?
- Providing examples and explanation
- Giving review and recapitulation
- Offering practice and feedback
- Direct teaching is to strengthen the understanding of concepts so teachers tend to provide more examples during explanantion.
- But indirect learning happens by problem raising and solving.
- It is done by promoting inquiry
- Direct teaching is to strengthen the understanding of concepts so teachers tend to provide more examples during explanantion.
- ‘Cone of Experience’ related to teaching-learning was suggested by Edgar Dale
- John Dewey – Progressive education.
- Kirkpatrick – Analysing and evalulating the results of training in educational programs
- Froebel – Play way method of learning
- Inclusive Education implies ensuring that no child is left behind in education
- In the sets given below Set-I provide the different levels of learning according to Bloom’s Taxonomy; the whole set-II gives their examples and concerns. Match the two sets and select from the options to indicate your answer:
Set-1 | Set -2 |
Memory Level | Recalling information |
Understanding level | Identifying examples of a given concept |
Analyzing level | Isolating information into parts |
Creating level | Generating new ideas |
- In memory level lower level of learning outcomes get focussed. It includes learning facts and rules
- At understanding level – learning outcomes are intended in teaching by seeking of relationships and patterns among facts.
- Reflective level – Encourages critical thinking based cognitive interchange.
- Who developed the theory of ‘Multiple Intelligence’?
- Howard Gardener
- Gardner’s Theory of Multiple intelligence – Intelligence is a capacity with component processes and should not be confused with learning or cognitive style.
- As per the cognitive development theory of Jean Piaget, adolescent students are in which stage of development?
- Formal operational stage
- Cognitive competence accounts for general and specific factors of intelligence.
- In cognitive development of formal operational stage, Logical reasoning and ability to think in terms of abstract concepts.
- Formal operational stage of cognitive development in Piaget’s view will correspond to Secondary education stage in India.
- Formal operational stage
Learner’s characteristics:
- Listening is important for a teacher to address the requirement of the learner.
- Which of the learner characteristics will influence his/her perspective in a course of study?
- Learner’s commitment
- Prior knowledge of the learner
- Skill of the learner in the concerned area
- Learner’s previous experiences in gaining prior knowledge
- Learner’s level of interest to learn the skill in the concerned area
- Learners commitment guided by intrinsic motivation
- Pre-active stage of classroom teaching is important just as pre-learning preparation stage of communication’ – Analogical argument.
- For optimising self-learning which of the following motivational principles will be most helpful?
- Providing scope for satisfying the need for competence.
- The purpose of ICT integration is for optimising learning outcomes.
- When the learning outcome of students is ensured with employment of less resources and effort on the part of a teacher and more initiative for self-learning is evident.
- Providing scope for satisfying the need for competence.
- Which of the following is the social character of a learner?
- Ability to relate oneself with others.
- Learner characteristics that will be helpful in ensuring the effectiveness of teaching is interpersonal relations of learners
- Ability to relate oneself with others.
- Which among the following is a cognitive characteristic of learner?
- Recalling
- Problem Solving
- Identifying important sensory inputs
- But not in Believing what is true.
- The construction of thought processes, includes remembering, problem-solving and decision making, is called as cognitive development.
- Cognitive characteristics of the learner is assessed for addressing needs of learners through a curriculum design.
- So, it is categorised for knowledge construction which facilitates the learners to assimilate, accommodate and adopt learned concepts.
- Below are listed some of the learner’s characteristics. Identify those that help in Effective teaching.
- Learner’s level of mental ability
- Learner’s previous experiences
- Learner’s level of interest to study
- Learner’s view about society
- Learners level of mental ability enhances the level of Personality and attitude related competencies of a teacher. eg. motivation.
- Student-Centric Classroom is meant for – Addressing the individual differences
- Swayam and MOOC’s – belongs to the category of learner centered approaches.
- In learner centered approach the curriculum is made flexible according to the needs of learner.
- A shift in focus from teacher centric to student-centric education is the best advantage of the Choice Based Credit System.
- Think aloud procedure is
- A technique used to investigate learner strategies and performance.
- Which among the following best describes the Emotional Intelligence of learners?
- Understand the emotion of other people and your own
- Adjusting one’s emotion as per situation
- Accepting other people as they are
- Emotional intelligence implies the capacity to integrate and manage the emotion.
- So, Emotionally intelligent children are found to be good in problem solving.
- Use emotional information to guide thinking and behaviour tends to be empathetic.
- Peer group interaction in a classroom helps in Concept understanding
- The best option to ensure a teachers effective presence in the classroom is to promote peer group interaction of the learners.
- Student-Centric Classroom is meant for: Addressing the individual differences
- In classroom environment, a teacher believes that each child is unique a special individual, and therefore actively involves them in their own education and development.
- The teacher is adopting : Child – centric education
Factors affecting teaching:
- When the learning outcome of students is ensured with employment of less resources and effort on the part of a teacher and more initiative for self-learning is evident, which of the following expression will describe the teacher most appropriately?
- Teacher is effective
- For optimising self-learning, Providing scope for satisfying need for competence helps the learner to be motivated.
- From the list given below identify those questions which are called process rather than content based questions?
- Divergent questions
- Concept based questions
- Open questions
- The sequence depicts outcome-based curriculum design for college-level teaching program
- desired learning outcomes, content, teaching-learning, assessment, and evaluation
- In the learning process key teaching behaviour which is effective is to use meaningful verbal praise thereby keeping students actively participating in learning.
- In view of the continuous cycle of process improvement proper sequence of learning involves plan,do,check, act.
- The sequence depicts outcome-based curriculum design for college-level teaching program
- Learning objectives mean intended learning outcomes
- For organizing an effective teaching-learning system it is significant to determine what will be the intended learning outcome.
- So, the structure of a lesson plan has an instructional objective of eliciting the desired response.
- Curriculum is designed to achieve the learning outcome of a learner.
- Which of the following is an example of higher-order cognitive learning outcome?
- Learning of concepts and abstractions
- Therefore learning of concepts occurs with higher order cognitive domains includes analysis, creation and critical thinking.
- In cognitive development, Formal operational stage involves logical reasoning and ability to think in terms of abstract concepts.
- Learning of concepts and abstractions
- Which of the following is the key behavior contributing to effective teaching?
- Explaining concepts in a logical step by step presentation
- The effectiveness of teaching based on research evidence suggests that the engagement rate devolved to learning when students are actually on task.
- So, Learner’s level of mental ability is an essential character.
- Explaining concepts in a logical step by step presentation
- Which among of the following bases can be counted to judge the effectiveness of teaching?
- Level of realization of instructional objectives
- Time taken by the students to learn
- Resources used by the teacher in teaching
- To realise the level of instructional objectives – teacher’s subject knowledge is an important factor that affects effectiveness of teaching.
- When the learning outcome of students is ensured with employment of less resources and effort on the part of a teacher and more initiative for self-learning is evident.
- Then teacher becomes effective.
- To organise discussion method in teaching effectively, which of the following conditions should be met?
- Topic be declared in advance
- Topic of common interest
- Language facility of participants
- In group discussion method of teaching have a great scope for dialog discourses.
- So topic of common interest is discussed.
- From the list of the effective teaching behaviors, identify those which are called key behaviors.
- Direct, audible and oral delivery to all students
- Varying modes of presentation
- Preventing mis-behaviour with a minimum of class disruption
- During oral delivery frequent use of positive reinforcers either in the institution or classroom is imperative for an effective teaching behavior.
- The scope for sharing and discussions within the classroom and the institution by various modes of presentation prevents misbehavior with a minimum class disruption.
Methods of teaching in institutions of higher learning:
- The field of study which uses role-playing, simulation and self-evaluation as strategies for adult learners is known as
- Andragogy
- The field of study dealing with methods and principles used in adult education is known as andragogy
- These strategies in andragogy are commonly used methods in adult education.
- Andragogy
Column A | Column B |
Lecture method | Imparting a large amount of knowledge |
Demonstration method | Experience-based learning |
Project Method | Emphasizing the participative procedure of an act |
Collaborative method | Student engage in different activities together and learn |
- Project method involves problem-solving method whereby students engage in different activities for learning.
- In Lecture cum demonstration, assignment involves interactive presentation and tutorials.
- Collaborative method – when students share different aspects of a learning activity.
- From the list given below, identify those teaching methods which have a great scope for dialogic discourses.
- Tutorials
- Problem solving methods
- Group discussions
- In dialogic, presentations involving teachers, students, and the content has more scope for critical and creative interchange.
- Column-A (Methods of Teaching) Column-B (Focus of Method)
- Collaborative Method – when students share different aspects of a learning activity
- Co-operative Method – when students help each other to learn
- Constructivist Method – when emphasis is given on students as creator of knowledge
- Team teaching – when expertise of teachers is used in teaching
- In constructivist method emphasis is given on students as creator of knowledge
- In a constructivist approach the order for ensuring teaching-learning activities engage, explore, explain, evaluate and extend.
- The construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem-solving and decision making, is called as cognitive development.
- Cognitive characteristics of the learner is assessed for addressing needs of learners through a curriculum design.
- So,the Curriculum change envisages Change in methods of teaching
- From the list given below identify the instructional events which form part of the structure of a lesson plan. Select your answer from the option given below the list.
- List of instructional events:
- Gaining the attention of students
- Informing the learner of the objectives
- Stimulating recall of prerequisite learning
- Eliciting the desired response
- Every lesson plan must have desired learning outcomes. So the teacher’s Instructional objective is critical for transacting curriculum.
- Generally in the instructional design, the appropriate activities includes,
- Step by step presentation of learning material, student response and immediacy of feedback.
- List of instructional events:
- Which of the following statements best explains the concept of team teaching?
- More than two teachers plan and teach the same class as per their expertise.
- Team teaching and lecturing are direct learning methods.
- In this method, expertise of teachers are used in teaching.
- Below is given a list of teaching methods and approaches. Which among them are individualized approaches?
- Modular approach based teaching
- Programmed learning
- Personalized
- Essential features of module learning includes,
- self learning, self-sufficient, self evaluation and statements of learning outcomes.
- Brainstorming as a method can be used for
- Generating new ideas in the area of interest
- A workshop is meant for
- Hands-on-experience
- participation in workshop and assignments is contributive to direct learning method of teaching
Teaching Support System:
- Instructions which encourage live participation and interaction through online classes are called
- Synchronous instructions
- Asynchronous teaching aids includes – Blog, Facebook post and e-mail.
- These are non-traditional teaching and learning strategies which lay emphasis on developing skills attitude and values.
- So in non-traditional universities some of the features which makes open universities as innovative method of teaching and learning.
- Innovative method of admission, curriculum and evaluation
- Modern communication techniques has synchronous instructions.
- What are the elements of evaluation plan?
- Purpose
- Resources
- Analysis
- For organizing an effective teaching-learning system it is essential to have performance evaluation.
- It includes elements like Purpose, Resources and Analysis that determines the outcome of a learner thereby helping to achieve academic goals.
- The following teaching aids can be used by a teacher in the classroom as a live interactive device:
- Skype
- On-line Chat
- Tele-conferencing
- Asynchronous teaching aids includes – Blog, Facebook post and e-mail.
- There are teaching aids which are centered around certain skills such as reading, listening and pronunciation etc. such teaching aids are called as Skill-based teaching aids.
- Which teaching aids enhance skills like reading, listening, and pronunciation?
- Audio- lingual teaching aids
- Availability of teaching aids and their use are centered around certain skills such as reading, listening, speaking and pronunciation etc
- Such teaching aids are called as skill-based teaching aids.
- Audio- lingual teaching aids
- Among the following which one is an example of instructional software?
- Radio talk
- Software based instruction is generally computer assisted learning.
- It is employed For improving the study skill to practice testing – Learning techniques employed is to test oneself on the material that one tries to learn.
- For instructional design using software, Insights from use of various learning resources are utilized
- Radio talk
Evaluation Systems:
- The performance of a student is compared with another student in which type of testing?
- Norm-referenced testing
- Covering a large domain of learning tasks with just a few items measuring specific tasks.
- It emphasizes discrimination among individuals in terms of relative level of learning.
- Interpretation of results required a clearly defined group.
- This type of test in a group setting hinder the creativity of its members .
- Norm-referenced testing
- Which is the characteristic of formative evaluation?
- Evaluation is conducted during teaching to enhance student’s learning.
- By identifying the scope for improvement, the evaluation focuses on learning processes.
- Thereby, Learning should be managed and monitored continuously.
- Evaluation is conducted during teaching to enhance student’s learning.
- Below are listed some activities performed by a teacher. Which activities are of the nature of Formative evaluation?
- Conducting quiz session
- Providing feedback while teaching
- Encouraging students to reflect more
- The main objective of formative evaluation is to enhance students’ learning.
- So, in formative assessment based evaluation the potential for increasing intrinsic motivation is optimum.
- Which type of evaluation focuses on the identification of deficiencies and difficulties of the learner?
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Diagnostic evaluation ascertains the causes and remedies of persistent learning problems during instructions.
- So a diagnostic test is used by the teacher to find out the learning difficulties of students.
- Diagnostic evaluation
- A teacher intends to find out the learning difficulties of students. Which of the following tests can be used? Diagnostic Test
- Diagnostic Evaluation is a type of evaluation she/he would undertake for choosing students for her/ his remedial classes.
- So, A teacher develops an achievement test with items saturated with high difficulty value and widely divergent content domain
- What is the main objective of formative evaluation?
- To enhance students’ learning by identifying the scope for improvement.
- formative assessment based evaluation has the potential for increasing intrinsic motivation is optimum
- This motivates students to carry out their tasks which can be measured by formative evaluation assessment. Eg. A Quiz session or Providing corrective feedback during discussions
- To enhance students’ learning by identifying the scope for improvement.
- Diagnostic evaluation ascertains
- Causes and remedies of persistent learning problems during instructions.
- This type of evaluation focuses on the identification of deficiencies and difficulties of the learner.
- So a teacher develops an achievement test with items saturated with high difficulty value and widely divergent content domain.
- A university teacher plans to study the effect of level of aspiration of students in terms of their socio-economic background on their scholastic performance at the term evaluation conducted by an external testing agency. What is the dependent variable in this study?
- Scholastic performance of student
- Independent Variable = Level of aspiration of students
- Dependent Variable = Scholastic performance of students.
- Scholastic performance of student
- Which of the following statements is true in the case of a test prepared by you as a teacher?
- If a test is valid, it is reliable also
- Which of the following is an example of maximum performance test?
- Aptitude tests
- A teacher’s purpose is to predict or to identify individuals who have the greatest potential for development along special lines.
- Aptitude test would be applied to accomplish that.
- Aptitude tests
Recent Comments